Biology of Disease: Practical Case Study Workbook
Instructions
The questions in this workbook are designed to examine your understanding of integrated nature of laboratory diagnostics and aspects of the human adenocarcinoma.
You will need the case study brief (for all three practicals) to answer the following questions. These are available in the Practicals/Workshop folder on Moodle.
Please make sure that you answer your questions in the space provided. Please do not enlarge the boxes or change any formatting. This is to ensure that those using the PDF have same space as the ones using the word document. To avoid changes in formatting, change the size of the image before copy pasting.
Referencing/citing your sources is not required in this workbook. Please read the module and assessment handbook.
Practical One –Clinical Chemistry
Clinical chemistry
Section A: Urine testing
Analysis of CA’s urine sample using ‘Labstix’
Now answer the following questions, being careful to think about what each test is designed to demonstrate and justifying the answer.
Biology of Disease: Practical Case Study Workbook
Parameter | Value (give units where appropriate) | High level in urine known as: | Abnormality |
Ketone |
|
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Protein |
|
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Glucose |
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Blood |
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Section B: Serum testing
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|
Alkaline phosphatase measurement
According to the method sheet, carry out the experiment on the serum sample from CA provided and use the readings provided in table below.
Reading
Distilled water/zero | 0.000 |
Control sample | 0.108 |
Test Sample | 1.034 |
Standard | 0.246 |
Remember to subtract the control value from the test.
Mark: _______/21 ________%
Analysis of CA’s biopsy slides. Examine the image in figure 1 and answer the following questions:
Figure 1. Haematoxylin and eosin stained image of CA’s biopsy x10 magnification
Figure 2. H&E-stained image of human gut
Figure 3 H&E stain of human adenocarcinoma
A is showing=
B is showing=
“Abnormal cytologic changes in epithelial cells associated with intensely stained nuclei or irregular nuclear chromatin often associated with neoplasia.” (1 mark)
“Rehydrate a section through graded alcohols to 100% H2O” (1 mark)
Further tests are performed on CA’s biopsy and an immunhistochemical stain for p53 is performed using horseradish peroxidase as a visualising enzyme and the results from this are shown in figure 4.
Figure 4. High power image of CA’s biopsy immunostained for p53 and counterstained with haematoxylin
Total Mark= /25 = %
Supporting resources: you may find the following useful as a starting point for further reading (copies of the texts are in the library.)
The open science lab on-line virtual microscope gut slides 21-25- choose gut from drop down menu https://learn5.open.ac.uk/mod/htmlactivity/view.php?id=19
Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Bretscher, Ploegh, Amon, Scott (2013) Molecular cell biology, 7th edition, Lodish, Macmillan Higher Education (any other molecular cell biology text in the library would also be of similar use e.g. Alberts, Karp etc.)
Weinberg R (2013) The Biology of Cancer. Garland Science Press
Henwood A (2010) Microscopic Quality Control of Haematoxylin
and Eosin – Know your Histology. Connection 10: 115-120 available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316510040_Connection_2010_115_Microscopic_Quality_Control_of_Haematoxylin_and_Eosin_-_Know_your_Histology
Orchard G and Nation B (2012) Histopathology. Oxford University Press
Further specific searches for reviews and papers on Pubmed would also help and aid your understanding.
Layout of samples and controls on ELISA plate
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
A | Tube1 | Tube2 | Tube3 | Tube4 | Tube5 | Tube6 | Tube7 | Tube8 | Tube9 | Ser1 | Ser2 | Ser3 |
B | Tube1 | Tube2 | Tube3 | Tube4 | Tube5 | Tube6 | Tube7 | Tube8 | Tube9 | Ser1 | Ser2 | Ser3 |
C | Neg | Pos | ||||||||||
D | Neg | Pos | ||||||||||
E | ||||||||||||
F | ||||||||||||
G | ||||||||||||
H |
Key: Ser= Serum sample, Neg= negative sample and Pos= Positive sample
Assuming the readings obtained at 405 nm in the plate reader as below:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
A | 2.804 | 2.07 | 1.405 | 0.835 | 0.583 | 0.329 | 0.222 | 0.205 | 0.19 | 1.751 | 0.540 | 0.914 |
B | 2.737 | 2.111 | 1.509 | 0.904 | 0.555 | 0.33 | 0.233 | 0.194 | 0.171 | 1.809 | 0.524 | 0.866 |
C | 0.140 | 1.090 | ||||||||||
D | 0.141 | 1.029 |
Answer the following questions
Paste your graph here-
Positive-
Negative-
SAMPLE 1: ___________________
SAMPLE 2: ___________________
SAMPLE 3: ___________________
Comments: The normal reference range for CEA is 2.5 ng/L to 5 ng/L
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