Question: Design a study that investigates how either intrinsic or extrinsic motivation can influence a sort of achievement or success

30 Sep 2022,12:28 AM

 

Motivation

o High performance and success can be influenced by both intrinsic (desire to attain internal satisfaction) and extrinsic (a desire for external rewards) motivation. Industrial and Organisational psychologists/researchers continue to be interested in understanding which types of motivation lead to productivity and success in individuals.

 

o Design a study that investigates how either intrinsic or extrinsic motivation can influence a sort of achievement or success (e.g., job performance, academic performance, goal achievement, skill attainment/mastery etc.). How do your proposed findings have an application to the real world? Be sure to develop a study that is ethically feasible.

 

o Key words: Intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, success, productivity

 

o Starting reference: Putra, E. D., Cho, S., & Liu, J. (2017). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on work engagement in the hospitality industry: Test of motivation crowding theory. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(2), 228-241. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26366525

 

 

Personality

o It has long been known that the use of social media can influence how personality traits develop. However, the exact impact of the frequency of social media use on personality traits is an area of psychology research that continues to be a work in progress.

 

o Design an original study that investigates the association of social media with personality traits (you are welcome to look at any age group, any social media platform and any personality trait). How do your proposed findings have an application to the real world? Be sure to develop a study that is ethically feasible.

 

o Key words: Social media, internet, personality traits

 

o Starting Reference: Lampropoulos, G., Anastasiadis, T., Siakas, K., & Siakas, E. (2022). The impact of personality traits on social media use and engagement: An overview. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences (IJonSES), 4(1), 34-51. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.264 / https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1332326.pdf

 

Social Psychology

o The impact of social media contributes to individuals comparing their body image with those of others. People are surrounded by images that emphasise thinness for women, and muscularity/leanness for men. Past research has found that women who engage in comparisons through social media sites experience more appearance and body dissatisfaction. However, recent research has found that this dissatisfaction is not just limited to women. Men also experience body dissatisfaction as a result of comparisons through social media sites.

 

o Design a study to test the idea that appearance comparison on social media will be related to body dissatisfaction in either men or women. How do your proposed findings have an application to the real world? Be sure to develop a study that is ethically feasible.

 

o Key words: social comparison, body dissatisfaction, social media

 

o Starting reference: Engeln, R., Loach, R., Imundo, M. N., & Zola, A. (2020). Compared to Facebook, Instagram use causes more appearance comparison and lower body satisfaction in college women. Body Image, 34, 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.007 / https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144519303754

 

Step 2: Write a 2500-word research proposal on your chosen topic The proposal should include the following:

 

● Title & Title Page: Aclear and succinct title should be provided that reflects the main topic and relationship between the variables (IV and DV or predictor and criterion variables) in the proposed study. Title page includes all key information (word count, tutor name, etc.).

● Abstract: The abstract is a summary of each of the main sections of the proposal. It should ideally be written last. It should state the main background, aim and hypothesis of the proposed study, mention the proposed participants and an overview of what they would be asked to do (e.g., any measures you would request them to complete) and lastly, include the practical or theoretical implications of the study assuming that the hypothesis is supported.

 

● Introduction: The introduction should introduce the topic area and provide key background information and rationale for the research proposal aims and hypotheses.

○ Use your information and arguments fromAssignment 1 to guide you in writing this section of the proposal.

○ Introductory paragraph should give a broad overview of the topic with a rationale for the importance of researching the topic (broad rationale for the importance of the topic area).

○ Further paragraphs should review, compare and contrast key papers succinctly (i.e., evidence of synthesis of past research; around five references or more).

○ Gaps and limitations in previous research should be identified (i.e., evidence of critical evaluation).

○ The aim included should follow logically from Introduction and address a gap or limitation of previous research (written in future tense).

○ Lastly, a hypothesis should be provided for the research proposal operationalized and directional, with independent and dependent variables or predictor and criterion variables clearly specified (written in future tense).

 

● Method: The Method should clearly and concisely describe the proposed Participants, Design, Materials and Procedure, and should pay attention to the ethical standards required of research performed at Monash University.

 

○ Participants subsection included which outlines: Who the proposed participants are (e.g., sample size, age, gender); where the participants will be recruited from (e.g., Monash University or elsewhere); and the sampling method used (e.g., convenience sampling).

 

○ Design subsection included which describes (in operationalized form): what the dependent and independent variables are (or predictor and criterion variables for a correlational study); if groups will be compared, also states the levels of the independent variable and whether the design is between-subjects (i.e., independent-measures) or within-subjects (i.e., repeated-measures).

 

 

○ Materials subsection included which describes how you will measure your variables based on the design – e.g., any tests used and how they will be scored for each group. Each instrument should describe what modality the instrument measures (nominal, interval or ratio), what range of scores it measures (and what a high or low score represents), and finally how the final score represents the sample scores (e.g. the calculated mean responses, the sum of responses). It should also include evidence of reliability and validity of the instrument as per the sample proposal. This section should not include things like a computer, paper, pen, etc.

 

○ Procedure subsection included which displays awareness of ethical issues, and details: whether participants will be naïve with regards to the study’s purpose; (if relevant) how participants will be assigned to different conditions; an what exactly participants will be requested to do (i.e., provides sufficient detail for someone else to replicate the study without including too much detail).

 

● Expected Outcomes and Implications: Summarise what the expected results are if the hypothesis is supported and if it’s not supported with discussion and reference to previous literature. These potential findings should be interpreted with regard to both theoretical and methodological explanations; key limitations should be raised, and future research recommended. This section should close with a statement about the broader implications of the study.

○ Restatement of the aim provided

○ Statement given of expected findings (i.e., results) and how these relate to the hypothesis, e.g. “If the hypothesis is supported X group will score higher than Y group on A, if it’s not supported, X and Y will score similarly”.

○ Addresses two key questions (Mitchell & Jolley, 2010): 1. “What would be the implications for interpreting existing theory and research if your hypothesis is supported?” 2. “What would be the implications if the results don’t support your hypothesis?” (p. 560). How might you be able to explain the findings in either case with regards to the literature? (Note: you should not reference limitations of your study here when discussing null results, instead discuss why the results might not be as expected before discussing limitations).

○ Mentions and explains (with evidence) potential limitations of the study ○ Suggests improvements or extensions of the study (i.e., future research

directions)

○ Discusses the practical (i.e., real-world) implications of the study

 

● You should be referencing relevant sources (at least 7 sources total) throughout your proposal. You should use APA 7th referencing.

 

 

Step 3: Submit your Proposal

After you have written your assignment, you should follow the submission guidelines and instructions available on Moodle which are summarized at the end of this document and below.

 

Helpful Resources

 

•    Where to search for sources of information • How to search for sources of information

•    How to evaluate evidence from sources

•    What is critical thinking? - how to incorporate more critical thinking

•    Features of academic writing - how your writing should be structured and the type of tone that you should use when doing academic writing

•    How to summarise and paraphrase information - this will be helpful for summarising your three sources without plagiarising (or directly copying) them.

•    Tips on Scientific Writing Video - Part 1

•    Tips on Scientific Writing Video - Part 2

•    Library guide: APA 7th citing and referencing

•    Writing a research proposal - Research & Learning Online

 

Method

 

Approximate Length: 600 words

 

25     The Method clearly and concisely describes the proposed Participants, Design, Materials and Procedure, and should pay attention to the ethical standards required of research performed at Monash University.

 

Written in future tense.

 

 

Expected Outcomes and Implications

 

Approximate Length: 800 words

 

APA Referencing, APA Formatting and General Presentation

 

20     Clearly and concisely summarises what the expected results are regarding the hypothesis. With reference to previous literature, the two possible study outcomes (i.e., hypothesis supported/hypothesis not supported) should be interpreted with regard to both theoretical and methodological explanations; key limitations should be raised, and future research recommended. This section should close with a statement about the broader implications of the study.

 

10     Reference list and document structure and format adheres to APA 7th format (e.g., headings, spacing, margins, page numbering etc.). Writing is clear, concise, easy to read and understand. Proper spelling and grammar are used. Minimum of 7 total sources.