Questions
1. Did you notice zones of inhibition around the control disks? Why were control disks included in this investigation? No, the control disks were used to compare the zone and the test disks contained antibiotic and the results are compared with the control disk
2. Did you notice a difference in the effectiveness of the two different antibacterial drugs against the different species of bacteria? Explain your answer. There will always be difference in effectiveness when it comes to different bacteria. Different bacteria perform differently to various types of drugs.
3. If a bacterial species is not susceptible to an antibacterial drug at the concentration present in a particular disk, does that necessarily mean the species is completely resistant to the drug? Explain your answer.
4. Did you notice any colonies (isolated mounds of cells) growing within any of the zones of inhibition? If so, which plate(s) and which drug(s)? What would cause growth of colonies within a zone of inhibition?
5. What is the mode of action of bacitracin? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively? What is the mode of action of tetracycline? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively?
6. Describe how populations of bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics. In your description, use the terms/phrases: mutation, resistant, sensitive, individuals, populations, natural selection, horizontal gene transfer.
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Laboratory #8 Assignment Template
Part I: Scientific Reading Assignment Template – 10 points
For each question provide a brief but complete answer (This is NOT an essay. Answer each question individually).
You should write in complete sentences and proofread your work for spelling and grammatical errors. Note that the answer may be found in more than one place in the article. Remember that you should write in your own words. Do not copy and paste from the article!!! THIS ASSIGNMENT MUST BE WRITTEN IN YOUR OWN WORDS – DO NOT CUT AND PASTE FROM THE ORIGINAL ARTICLE OR ANY OTHER SOURCE. Using the words of another writer is plagiarism – a violation of the Penn State Academic Integrity policy.
For this part of the assignment, you will read the journal article posted on Canvas (“Mechanisms of Reef Coral Resistance to Future Climate Change”) and answer the following questions:
1. Why is this research important?
2. What is the hypothesis and/or research goal of the study? What section(s) do you find the hypothesis or goal in the paper? Note: it may be in more than one section.
3. What are the major methods used? What tense is used? (The Methods section is often the most difficult for new students of science to understand – discuss the methods in a general sense and limit your answer to 5 sentences or fewer.)
4. What is the model organism being used in this study? Why was this species chosen?
5. What kind of organism is Symbiodinium? What role does it play in coral reef systems?
6. What is/are the difference(s) between the processes of acclimatization and adaptation? Why is it important to understand these terms when reading this paper?
7. What are the major results?
8. What conclusion(s) did the authors make about their hypothesis/goal?
9. What new hypothesis/goal emerges from the results?
10. Provide the full citation for this article as you would in the “References” section of a lab report:
Note: For this class, we will use APA format. The following site will give you the information you need to properly reference: https://www.mendeley.com/guides/apa-citation-guide
Questions
1. Did you notice zones of inhibition around the control disks? Why were control disks included in this investigation? No, the control disks were used to compare the zone and the test disks contained antibiotic and the results are compared with the control disk
2. Did you notice a difference in the effectiveness of the two different antibacterial drugs against the different species of bacteria? Explain your answer. There will always be difference in effectiveness when it comes to different bacteria. Different bacteria perform differently to various types of drugs.
3. If a bacterial species is not susceptible to an antibacterial drug at the concentration present in a particular disk, does that necessarily mean the species is completely resistant to the drug? Explain your answer.
4. Did you notice any colonies (isolated mounds of cells) growing within any of the zones of inhibition? If so, which plate(s) and which drug(s)? What would cause growth of colonies within a zone of inhibition?
5. What is the mode of action of bacitracin? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively? What is the mode of action of tetracycline? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively?
6. Describe how populations of bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics. In your description, use the terms/phrases: mutation, resistant, sensitive, individuals, populations, natural selection, horizontal gene transfer.
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