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Question: Discuss the "cognition versus biology" debate in the study of emotion. Outline first the cognitive position and then the biological position.

22 Oct 2022,1:53 AM

 

People with a deliberative mindset are very good at thinking about what they need to do, whereas people who have developed an implemental mindset have the ability to narrow in on a specific goal or facets of a specific goal. Considering an example from your own life, how might you develop a deliberative or implemental mindset to complement the mindset that you already use?

What is your understanding of the difference between self-efficacy and ability? Is there a difference? Is the difference important? Give an original example to support your response.

Imagine being a cognitively oriented therapist who has two clients. One client suffers from severe self-doubt about his capacity to cope successfully with the demands of college. College is an overwhelming experience. What strategies might you use to reverse his high doubt and replace it with high confidence? The other client suffers from severe helplessness about her capacity to cope successfully with her boyfriend relationship. Her boyfriend is unresponsive, and everything she tries to do to improve the relationship seems to fall on a deaf ear. What strategies might you use to reverse her high helplessness and replace it with mastery motivation?

Suppose you are a counselor at a summer camp for delinquent pre-teenage boys who lack any occupational aspirations and exhibit antisocial interaction styles. You are having a meeting to brainstorm how to use the possible selves literature to provide these boys with an expanded view of their future selves. Would this meeting be a good idea or a bad idea, and why? Include a discussion of the biological basis of antisocial behavior.

In the following example, explain why the emotion of fear/terror rather than the physiological need for air is the primary motivator: A child puts a sweater on over his head, it gets stuck, and the child experiences a moment of air deprivation. He then shows panic-like emotion and finally coping behavior. Differentiate between the emotional and biological aspects of the child's reaction.

Discuss the "cognition versus biology" debate in the study of emotion. Outline first the cognitive position and then the biological position. Discuss one possible, satisfying resolution to the cognition versus biology debate, using an original example to illustrate this resolution.

 

Expert answer

 

The "cognition versus biology" debate in the study of emotion is a long-standing one. On the one side are those who believe that emotions are primarily products of our thoughts and beliefs (the cognitive position), while on the other side are those who believe that emotions are primarily determined by our physiology and evolutionary history (the biological position).

 

There is some truth to both sides of this debate. It is certainly true that our emotions are influenced by both our thoughts and our physiology. However, the relative importance of each factors varies depending on the emotion in question. For example, fear is more likely to be determined by our physiology than by our thoughts, while love is more likely to be determined by our thoughts than by our physiology.

 

The cognitive position has been most associated with the work of psychologist William James, who argued that emotions are nothing more than our percepions of bodily changes. James believed that we do not feel fear because we are in danger, but rather we feel fear because we perceive our bodies to be in a state of arousal (e.g., our heart rate is increasing, we are sweating, etc.). According to the cognitive position, then, emotions are primarily products of our thoughts.

 

The biological position has been most associated with the work of Darwin and his theory of evolution. Darwin argued that emotions are largely determined by our physiology and evolutionary history. For example, he suggested that fear is an emotion that evolved in order to help us avoid dangerous situations. Love, on the other hand, is an emotion that evolved in order to help us form bonds with others (e.g., mates, offspring, etc.). According to the biological position, then, emotions are primarily determined by our physiology and evolutionary history.

 

So, which side is correct? The answer is that both sides are correct to some extent. Our emotions are influenced by both our thoughts and our physiology. However, the relative importance of each factor varies depending on the emotion in question.

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