1. Briefly discuss the critical perspectives of globalization in reference to different ‘scapes’ of Arjun Appadurai.
2. Briefly discuss the different forms of gifts in precapitalist society and its transition to modern society.
3. Discuss the challenges of multilocational households and their implications on sustaining livelihood in both rural and urban households.
4. Discuss the features of Asian capitalism and its implication for the political economy.
5. Discuss the critical roles of the Non-aligned movement in relation to nationalism as well as transnationalism.
6. Discuss the significance and challenges of the informal sector economy in both developed and developing countries.
Globalization has been a hot topic of debate for many years, with different people having different takes on it. Arjun Appadurai, in his book "The Scramble for Global Control," discusses the critical perspectives of globalization in reference to different "scapes." There are five scapes that Appadurai discusses: the ethnoscape, the technoscape, the finanscape, the ideoscape, and the mediascape.
The ethnoscape is the arena in which people from different cultures meet and interact. In a globalized world, this has become increasingly common. With more people travelling and interacting with people from other cultures, it has become easier for different cultures to understand each other. However, this also leads to conflict as different cultures clash.
The technoscape is the arena in which technology evolves. In a globalized world, technology is constantly evolving and becoming more advanced. This has both positive and negative effects. On one hand, it allows for faster communication and transportation between people and countries. On the other hand, it can be harmful to the environment and lead to unemployment as jobs are replaced by machines.
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