Answer all the following questions. Your answer should be clear, concise, and structured. Above all, you should answer the question, and all parts of the question, rather than telling everything you know. The word count for the entire exam should not exceed 3000 words, although it is unlikely that you will need that many words to answer these questions well. To repeat: it is important that you answer the question rather than laying out everything you know about a given author or theme. You must submit your exam to the assignment tab no later than 7:00 pm. on December 19. Questions 1 and 2 are each worth 15%. Questions 3 and 4 are each worth 20%. Question 5 is worth 30%. Make sure you answer all 5 of the questions.

1. What, according to Mill’s understanding of utilitarianism, is meant by the theory of utilitarianism. Why is utilitarianism grounded on a strong concept of impartiality, and why is this a strength of the theory? Explain in detail why a Kantian deontologist would contend that utilitarianism’s emphasis on impartiality is also one of its greatest weaknesses? Why would Kant say that assessing the motivation of a moral agent is important in determining whether the agent’s actions have moral worth?
2. With reference to the section entitled autonomous desire (section a) explain in detail why Robert Arrington contends that associative advertising is not a violation of individual autonomy. Then, drawing from the essay by Jean Kilbourne, explain why Arrington is wrong. Do you think Arrington is wrong and why?
3. Albert Carr defends bluffing and dishonesty in business by claiming that the internal logic or telos of business activity resembles that of a competitive game. Drawing from Amartya Sen and Adam Smith, explain where Carr goes wrong. Specifically, outline in detail the background conditions which must be in place if market exchanges are to be efficient, mutually beneficial and in service of the public good. What do you regard as the most important point that Gerald Gaus contributes to this discussion concerning the very possibility and importance of business ethics?
4. Tibor Machan, and libertarians more generally, argue against special worker rights. Develop Machan’s libertarian case against the right to occupational safety, outlining the role of his coal mine example in his argument. Why does Earl Spurgin 2 contend that Machan’s argument fails? Specifically, why does he contend that worker rights are not paternalistic, and why does he hold that they enhance rather than limit employee freedom. Who do you think is right and why?
5. Rawls and Nozick differ on the question of which rights are important if human beings are to be treated as ends in themselves. Nowhere is this more manifest than in their disagreement concerning property and redistributive taxation. Explain how Nozick makes use of Locke’s theory of property and Locke’s “enough and as good” criterion to develop his entitlement theory and his defense of free market capitalism. What is the role of his Wilt Chamberlain argument in all of this? Why does Rawls contend that Nozick’s theory does not go far enough to satisfy our intuitions regarding what it means to treat people as equals? And why, in turn, would Marx contend that neither Nozick nor Rawls go far enough with respect to treating human beings as ends in themselves. Specifically, what does Marx mean when he says that “labor not only the produces commodities; it also produces itself and the workers as a commodity”?

APA

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