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Question: Briefly discuss at least five fundamental or important sources of authority of the Muslim religion. (The “Five Pillars” of Islam count as one concept only.)

26 Oct 2022,1:09 AM

 

  1. In this course Judaism, Christianity and Islam were taught as arising from and grounded in the religion of Israel. Which concepts, institutions, ideals, or models from the religion of Israel) most strongly or significantly shaped or influenced Islam?  Which elements from the religion of Israel (as well as from Judaism and Christianity) did Islam challenge and even repudiate as it sought to restore the purity of the one religion revealed by God to Jews, Christians, and Muslims?  That is, what are the central aspects, institutions, or concepts of Islam these be traced back to or originate in the religion of Israel?

 

 

  1. In this course Luther, Jesus, and Muhammed (pbup) have been discussed in the lectures as “prophetic” figures. Explain why they should be considered “prophets”? Most people think of a prophet as someone who “predicts” the future, but the Hebrew/Israelite prophets, who influenced Jesus, Muhammed, and Luther, were mostly interested in other things (such as justice, mercy for the poor, challenging the political and religious establishment). For example, what do each have in common?  Think about what the earliest prophets, the Hebrew prophets, did when dealing with the institutions (priestly, kingship) of their times.

 

 

  1. Briefly discuss at least five fundamental or important sources of authority of the Muslim religion. (The “Five Pillars” of Islam count as one concept only.)

 

 

  1. Christianity starts out as a Jewish sect, with its leadership based in Jerusalem, led by James, the brother of Jesus, and expecting Jesus (the Messiah and descendant of King David) to return to restore the Davidic dynasty. But after the phase the professor called “Early Catholicism” Christianity takes a decidedly different course. Why?  That is, how did Christianity become different from the earliest Jewish interpretation of Christianity?  What might have precipitated the change of direction that we see in the development of Christianity from the second century (100s) onward?

 

 

  1. Discuss the central concepts and institutions of Judaism in distinction or contrast with the dominant concepts and institutions of the religion of Israel (as found in the Hebrew Bible, or the Old Testament). That is, what are the new elements that characterize Judaism that are absent in the religion of Israel?  What does Judaism have in common with the religion of ancient Israel, from which it arose?

Expert answer

 

There are five main sources of authority in Islam: the Quran, the sunnah, ijma, qiyas, and ijtihad.

 

The Quran is the most important source of authority in Islam. It is the Word of God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of 23 years. Muslims believe that it is the perfect and final revelation of God’s will for humanity. All other sources of authority must be interpreted in light of the Quran.

 

The sunnah is the second-most important source of authority in Islam. It refers to the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. The sunnah serves as a guide for Muslims on how to live their lives in accordance with the will of God.

 

Ijma is the consensus of the Muslim community on religious matters. It is based on the principle that the Quran and sunnah are not always clear on every issue, and so Muslims must use their collective wisdom to interpret them.

 

Qiyas is the process of analogical reasoning. It is used to interpret the Quran and sunnah in cases where there is no clear guidance from those sources.

 

Ijtihad is the process of making a decision on a religious matter using one’s own independent reasoning. It can only be used in cases where there is no clear guidance from the Quran, sunnah, or ijma.

 

These five sources of authority are collectively known as the “Five Pillars of Islam.” They provide Muslims with a framework for understanding and interpreting the will of God.

 

There are five main sources of authority in Islam: the Quran, the sunnah, ijma, qiyas, and ijtihad.

 

The Quran is the most important source of authority in Islam. It is the word of God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of 23 years. Muslims believe that it is the final revelation from God and contains guidance for all aspects of human life. The sunnah is the second-most important source of authority in Islam. It refers to the Prophetic tradition – what the Prophet Muhammad said, did, and approved during his lifetime. Muslims believe that the sunnah provides guidance on how to live according to Islamic teachings. Ijma is consensus among Muslim scholars on a particular issue. Qiyas is analogy, or reasoning by analogy, and is used to interpret the Quran and sunnah when there is no clear guidance on a particular issue. Ijtihad is independent reasoning, and is used to reach rulings on issues where there is no clear guidance from the Quran, sunnah, or ijma.

 

These five sources of authority are not equally weighted – the Quran is considered to be the most authoritative, followed by the sunnah, then ijma and qiyas, with ijtihad being the least authoritative. However, all of these sources are important in understanding Islam and how Muslims should live their lives.

There are five main sources of authority in Islam: the Quran, the sunnah, ijma, qiyas, and ijtihad.

 

The Quran is the most important source of authority in Islam. It is the word of God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of 23 years. Muslims believe that it is the final revelation from God and contains guidance for all aspects of human life. The sunnah is the second-most important source of authority in Islam. It refers to the Prophetic tradition – what the Prophet Muhammad said, did, and approved during his lifetime. Muslims believe that the sunnah provides guidance on how to live according to Islamic teachings. Ijma is consensus among Muslim scholars on a particular issue. Qiyas is analogy, or reasoning by analogy, and is used to interpret the Quran and sunnah when there is no clear guidance on a particular issue. Ijtihad is independent reasoning, and is used to reach rulings on issues where there is no clear guidance from the Quran, sunnah, or ijma.

 

These five sources of authority are not equally weighted – the Quran is considered to be the most authoritative, followed by the sunnah, then ijma and qiyas, with ijtihad being the least authoritative. However, all of these sources are important in understanding Islam and how Muslims should live their lives. There are five main sources of authority in Islam: the Quran, the sunnah, ijma, qiyas, and ijtihad.

 

The Quran is the most important source of authority in Islam. It is the word of God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of 23 years. Muslims believe that it is the final revelation from God and contains guidance for all aspects of human life. The sunnah is the second-most important source of authority in Islam. It refers to the Prophetic tradition – what the Prophet Muhammad said, did, and approved during his lifetime. Muslims believe that the sunnah provides guidance on how to live according to Islamic teachings. Ijma is consensus among Muslim scholars on a particular issue. Qiyas is analogy, or reasoning by analogy, and is used to interpret the Quran and sunnah when there is no clear guidance on a particular issue. Ijtihad is independent reasoning, and is used to reach rulings on issues where there is no clear guidance from the Quran, sunnah, or ijma.

 

These five sources of authority are not equally weighted – the Quran is considered to be the most authoritative, followed by the sunnah, then ijma and qiyas, with ijtihad being the least authoritative. However, all of these sources are important in understanding Islam and how Muslims should live their lives.

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