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Question: Consider the evaluations of merchant life and practice in our excerpts from (a) Ihara Saikaku, (b) the “Retired Gentleman of Edo,” (c) Yuan Cai, (d) Zhang Yingyu, (e) Shi Chengjin, and (f) Li Dou.

30 Sep 2022,1:16 AM


Consider the evaluations of merchant life and practice in our excerpts from (a) Ihara Saikaku, (b) the “Retired Gentleman of Edo,” (c) Yuan Cai, (d) Zhang Yingyu, (e) Shi Chengjin, and (f) Li Dou. As you examine their writings, take notes for your own use about how each of these authors evaluates or understands merchants’ (households’) business practices, behavior, and morality. Note that the same author might express more than one viewpoint about merchants. Ask yourself why that might be.

In a carefully planned, short essay of around 500 words (more is acceptable), carry out both of the following tasks:

(1) Summarize what you see as the most representative attitude toward merchants as expressed by each author, from (a) to (f).
(2) Argue either in favor of, or against, this thesis: The writings of our authors from China and Japan expose the morally dubious practices of merchants (household businesses) in these early modern societies.

Expert answer

In our excerpts from (a) Ihara Saikaku, (b) the "Retired Gentleman of Edo," and (c) Yuan Cai, we get a sense of how merchants were evaluated in early modern Japanese, Chinese, and Korean society. In all three cases, we see that merchants were generally respected for their wealth and their ability to provide for their families. However, we also see that there were some criticisms of merchant life and practice. In particular, merchants were sometimes accused of being selfish, greedy, and materialistic. Additionally, some people felt that merchants were not as honest or trustworthy as other members of society. Overall, though, the evaluations of merchant life and practice in our excerpts suggest that merchants were generally respected and admired in early modern East Asia.
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