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Question: Discuss, using two carefully analysed case study examples, how the normalisation of wrongdoing is always justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value.

12 Jan 2023,12:29 AM

 

  1. Georg Simmel wrote about value in 1908 as follows:

"We desire objects only if they are not immediately given to us for our use and enjoyment; that is, to the extent that they resist our desire. […] The moment of enjoyment itself, when the opposition between subject and object is effaced, consumes the value. Value is only reinstated as contrast, as an object separated from the subject." (The Philosophy of Money, 2nd Edition, Routledge, 1990; p. 68)

 

In light of this explanation of value, analyse authenticity as a commercial proposition using two carefully chosen contemporary examples from your own research.

 

This topic treats the core question of the module: what is of value in the ‘New Economy’? What really underpins the endless cycles of mass-consumption today? A good analysis will be able to show how the contemporary economy is driven by a type of consumption which is no longer primarily centred around the functional value (or use value, pure utility in itself) of an object, but around its positional and imaginary value. This type of consumption is centred around the ways in which any object or service, regardless of its utility, feeds into the formation of the performative identity of the consumer: how does a thing make ‘me’ feel, look, and imagine myself? Value today becomes, for any business, intimately tied to positional and imaginary desires: “how will an object, a service, or an experience make Me look to myself, and in comparison to others?”.  As clearly shown and explained in the documentary The Hipster Handbook, this kind of value judgement is determined by “what is rarer, what is newer, what is harder to produce and get”, by what allows an individual to “show his/her superior taste by knowing about it first, by possessing it first” (listen to Mark Greif – 45’30”). It is not what a product or service does, but how a product or service makes its consumer appear and what kind of imaginary horizons it opens up. Instead of thinking about new objects and services as undergoing a wholesale changeover of their functions (for example, iPhone models remain basically the same), they rather appear as indicators of new positional and imaginary values, accompanied by new metaphors, stories, concepts, percepts and affects.

 

At the same time, all these positional and imaginary qualities contain considerable ambiguity and this ambiguity is a central ingredient to the power of this mode of judging value. The value of any ‘thing’ becomes always temporary, short-lived, and needing urgent “upgrading” according to ever shorter cycles of valuation.  That which is the most desirable thing today, becomes obsolete tomorrow: our ‘authentic self’ is constantly shifting; it seems as if our so-called ‘authentic selves’ (or ‘true identities’) have no lasting power whatsoever.  As shown in the first workshop documentary, the contemporary economy is related to the emergence of a new and permanently dissatisfied, impatient, and entitled consumer, one that has no obligations, only entitlements. Examples of this new economy are everywhere: we live in it, we are it. 

 

This topic, then, focusses on one central aspect of value in the new economy: authenticity – which means the pursuit of the “true me”. As shown by Peter York, both in The Hipster Handbook documentary and in his Authenticity is a Con (both available on Moodle), this has become such an intense pursuit that it drives one of the most powerful currents of consumer cultures.  And the commerce with authenticity is extremely powerful – so powerful in fact that it pushes aside all other considerations, even when it pays lip service to ecological and ethical concerns (see Potter’s argument).  In the name of consuming more and more so-called ‘authenticity’, the metaphors, stories, concepts, and affects that form a so-called ‘authentic style’ grow to such excessive proportions that they can no longer be rooted in any sense of reality or truth. Indeed, the very idea that we can buy authenticity is in itself problematic: if authenticity is the essence of a person, if it is unique as such, then it cannot be produced and reproduced by any process of consumption.  If authenticity can only be found in me, then how can it be bought from a shop?  Or is this search for ‘my self’ a sign of a collective tendency toward Narcissism (see Twenge’s argument)?

 

Essays will be able to explain the categories of positional and imaginary value presented in the module, and apply this analysis to two examples with detailed explanations. In essence, this topic and the material through which it has been illustrated in the module call for a relatively nuanced awareness of how the construction of contemporary value revolves around the invocation of a subtle sense of demand for every product or service to enhance the sense of individual self-importance and superiority, through the empty, but endlessly evoked, motif of authenticity.  Good answers would show the ability to grasp this complex cultural process and to illustrate it properly (examples can be found in just about every sphere of exchange and consumption).  The selected bibliography here offers numerous sources for your essay:

 

READINGS

 

Beckert, Jens, and Patrik Aspers, eds., The Worth of Goods: Valuation and Pricing in the Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011)

 

Beckert, Jens, The Transcending Power of Goods. Imaginative Value in the Economy [Chapter 5 in Beckert and Aspers (eds) (2011) The worth of goods: valuation and pricing in the economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.]

 

Bude, Heinz, Society of Fear (Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press, 2017).

 

Campbell, Colin, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Consumerism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987)

 

Campbell, Colin, ‘The Craft Consumer: Culture, Craft and Consumption in a Postmodern Society’, Journal of Consumer Culture, 5 (2005), 23–42

 

Greif, Mark, ‘The Sociology of the Hipster - Essay’, The New York Times, 12 November 2010

 

Greif, Mark, ‘What Was the Hipster?’, NYMag.com, 22 October 2010

 

Potter, Andrew, The Authenticity Hoax: How We Get Lost Finding Ourselves (New York: Harper, 2010)

 

Richins, Marsha L., ‘Valuing Things: The Public and Private Meanings of Possessions’, Journal of Consumer Research, 21.3 (1994), 504–521.

 

Richins, Marsha L., ‘When Wanting Is Better than Having: Materialism, Transformation Expectations, and Product-Evoked Emotions in the Purchase Process’, Journal of Consumer Research, 40.1 (2013), 1–18.

 

Twenge, Jean M., and W. Keith Campbell, The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement (New York: Free Press, 2010).

 

York, Peter (2014) Authenticity Is A Con. New York: Biteback Publishing.

Zukin, Sharon, Point of Purchase: How Shopping Changed American Culture (New York: Routledge, 2005) – especially Prologue and Chapter 1

 

 

  1. Discuss, using two carefully analysed contemporary examples, the character and effects of business thinking and activity in the Anthropocene.

 

There are various ways you can approach this essay but do ensure you address and discuss the connection between how business is currently thought about, conceptualised, and practiced, and the effects that result from how business is currently thought about, conceptualised, and practiced, in the context of the Anthropocene, since this is the core of the question. It is up to you to decide whether to differentiate different forms or types of business thinking and activity, or whether to treat it as a singular phenomenon.

 

Potentially, you could look at particular products, services, companies, industries, or the ‘business thinking’ of governments, and examine business thinking and activity as evidenced through their development over time (for example, oil, gas, CFCs, plastics, the fishing industry, governmental environmental regulations and interventions). This would involve tracing the character of this business thinking – as seen in explicit accounts of what businesses (or industries, or governments) see themselves as doing, as well as analysing the cultural schema implicit in their thinking and activity, and tracing the effects of this thinking and activity – potentially in terms of businesses themselves, localities, people, the economy, but especially in terms of the ecological environment. Importantly, such analyses would need to be both comprehensive enough to show the broad trajectory of their historical development and their inter-relation with other developments, but also specific enough to show their unique particularity. Such analyses could easily link with module themes on the cultural shaping of value in the new economy, and the ethics of the character and effects of such business thinking and activity.

 

While the essay requires a short explanation of what the Anthropocene is, more important is an articulation as to the role of business in the Anthropocene. The concept of the Anthropocene highlights how human thinking and activity (dis)regards ecology, and the ecological effects of humankind, and these should be foregrounded in the essay. The new geological era - the Anthropocene - shows how business has become a geological force. This is because the ‘economy’ is totally dependent on encouraging the very rapid change of entire ranges of products in the name of updating and upgrading, in the service of the desire for economic profit and growth. Therefore, ‘innovation’ is intentionally based on designs which incorporate planned obsolescence in new products (that is, products are designed to last a very short while – by design, they have limited capacity, limited energy supplies, planned software upgrades).

 

This suggests that the ‘ecological problem’ – of matter taken out of mutual physical-chemical-biological cycles to which it contributes, and put into physical-chemical-biological cycles which it degrades, and the diversion of energy to human activities – is not a problem of the Earth system, rather it is a problem that is essentially socio-cultural and ethical because the ecological environment is experienced and acted on through values that subsume the ecological environment as resources and capital for human expression.

 

In the lectures we have explored how the apparently endless demands and cultural acceleration of humanity cannot easily be reconciled with the finite nature (the limits) of all forms of existence, whether living or non-living. You could use this point as a platform to analyse the two examples we have asked you to find and illustrate. One helpful starting point is to suggest how despite the evident reality (the finitude of existence) the discourses that inform business thinking and activity try to maintain the promise of endless growth by making recourse to a variety of arguments towards a ‘totally sustainable’ future.

 

This raises the question as to the meaning of sustainability. Is sustainability assumed to mean the sustainability of businesses, or the sustainability of the ecological systems which sustain human life? The limits of ecosystems feature prominently now in the language of management and business. But with various twists that allow this vocabulary to escape an inevitable dilemma: that sustaining current lifestyles as we expect them to be is a truly daunting task, especially if life is understood as a continuous increase of the availability of comforts and consumption. A truly difficult question that comes to the fore is that of limiting production, exchange, and consumption. Can this even be contemplated today?

 

You could explore and evaluate the differing potential ‘trajectories of thinking’ that might be applied to business thinking and practices – those which put the economy first; those which seek to reform or ‘modernise’ business practice, such as ecological modernisation; and those which would replace the current economy with practices centred on ecological or social concerns. Potentially, you could explore and evaluate particular business discourses, for example, the ‘Circular Economy’. With its entrepreneurial and industrial focus on resource circulation, reuse and regeneration (e.g. recycling mobile phones, repurposing rubber from car tyres, etc.) you could critically explore whether or not this is a desirable or sufficient reform of the current economy – or whether the discourses of ‘stakeholders’, ‘mutual partnerships’ or ‘value co-creation’ are belied by the practices of market competition and dominance.

 

The question of whether humanity can ‘survive progress’ shows how complex the ecological question is and how varied and multifaceted are the ways in which humanity has become capable of devastating its own habitat to such a total extent. May it be humanity itself cannot be saved in its present form as it is unsustainable? Until the COVID-era this was a question leading to dilemmas and controversies which were even hard to acknowledge and discuss, and yet as Covid-19 becomes variously normalised in contemporary life, the ascendance of economic rationality as the frame for political governance is ever clearer.

 The selected bibliography here offers numerous ideas for your essay:

READINGS

 

Angus, I. (2016). Facing the Anthropocene: Fossil capitalism and the crisis of the earth system. New York: Monthly Review Press.

 

Bavington, D. (2010). ‘From Hunting Fish to Managing Populations: Fisheries Science and the Destruction of Newfoundland Cod Fisheries’. Science and Culture, 19(4), 509-528.

 

Corvellec, H., Böhm, S., Stowell, A. and F. Valenzuela (2020). ‘Introduction to the special issue on the contested realities of the circular economy’. Culture and Organization, 26(2), 97-102.

 

Dyllick, T. and K. Muff (2016). ‘Clarifying the meaning of sustainable business: Introducing a typology from business-as-usual to true business sustainability’. Organization and Environment, 29(2), 156-174.

 

Hulme, M. (2009). Why we disagree about Climate Change. Understanding controversy, inaction and opportunity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

 

Karp, D. R. and C. L. Gaulding (1995). ‘Motivational Underpinnings of Command-and-Control, Market-Based, and Voluntarist Environmental Policies’. Human Relations, 48(5), 439-465.

 

Jackson, T. (2016). Prosperity without Growth: Foundations for the Economy of Tomorrow, second edition. Oxon: Routledge.

 

Meadows, D., Randers, J. and D. Meadows (2004). Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update. London: Chelsea Green Publishing.

 

Mol, A.P.J. and Sonnefeld, D. A. (2000). ‘Ecological modernisation around the world: An introduction’. Environmental Politics, 9(1), 1-14., 399-441.

 

Mullins, R, (2002). ‘What can be learnt from DuPont and the Freon ban: a case study’. Journal of Business Ethics, 40 (2002), 207-218.

 

Naess, A. (1973). ‘The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement. A summary’. Inquiry, 16(1), 95-100.

 

Pilling, D. (2018). The Growth Delusion: The Wealth and Well-Being of Nations. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

 

Porter, M. and C. van der Linde (1995). ‘Green and competitive: ending the stalemate’. Harvard Business Review, 73, 5, 120-134.

 

Raworth, K. (2017). Doughnut Economics: Seven ways to think like a 21st- Century Economist. London: Penguin Random House LCC.

 

Rockström, J. et al., (2009). ‘Planetary Boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity’. Ecology and Society, 14(2), 32.

 

Siegel, D. S. (2009). ‘Green Management Matters: Only if it Yields more Green: An economic/strategic perspective’. Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(3), 5-16.

 

Stead, W. E. and J. G. Stead (1992). Management for a Small Planet. California: Sage Publications.

 

Stead J.G. and W. E. (2019) ‘Why Porter Is Not Enough: Economic Foundations of Sustainable Strategic Management’. In: Wunder T. (eds) Rethinking Strategic Management. CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance. Cham: Springer, 67-85.

 

Steffen et al., (2011). ‘The Anthropocene: Conceptual and historical perspectives’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 369(1938), 842-867.

 

Stowell, A.F. & Brown, C.A. (2022) Chapter 13 – Management of Sustainability, or How should we manage Planet Earth. In D. Knights & H. Willmott (eds.) Introducing Organizational Behaviour and Management. 4th Edition. Andover: Cengage Learning, 500-546. ISBN: 9781473773851. Electronic ISBN: 9781473773868. Can be accessed directly at this link - https://search-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.lancs.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=3204560&site=ehost-live&authtype=ip,shib&user=s1523151&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_499 [Key reading for this essay]

 

Wironen, M. B., & Erickson, J. D. (2020). A critically modern ecological economics for the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene Review, 7(1), 62-76.

 

 

  1. Discuss, using two carefully analysed case study examples, how the normalisation of wrongdoing is always justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Also, discuss Hannah Arendt’s argument that thinking might work against such normalisation.

 

The examples that you use in your essay can come from any organisational setting (corporations, public sector, charities, NGOs, etc.). Central to every example must be some form of organisational wrongdoing and enough information to help you understand what happened, why it might have happened, etc, and how it was allowed to continue.  There are a number of places where such case studies are available. For example:

  • This PBS series on ethics at work has a number of case studies  https://www.wliw.org/programs/playing-rules-ethics-work/
  • There are also a number of full length documentaries such as:
    • Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room (2005)
    • Theranos: The Inventor: Out for Blood in Silicon Valley (2019)
    • DuPont: Dark Waters (about forever chemicals) (2019)
    • Purdue:  The Crime of the Century (about opiates) (2021)
  • You can also watch the Netflix series Dirty Money for more case examples

 

Hannah Arendt argues that evil becomes possible when thoughtlessness becomes normalised and accepted as an appropriate way to be and to act. Looking at contemporary institutions and ways of working, shopping, playing, etc., how does society and contemporary social practices encourage or facilitate thoughtlessness? Give some concrete examples of strategies and practices being used. In contrast, discuss what organisations can do to develop cultures of thoughtfulness (or thinking). Again, illustrate your answer with your two concrete examples.

 

In considering this question, it might be good to first give an account of the normalisation of wrongdoing and how it might be resisted through thinking, as outlined in the work of Hannah Arendt. It might be useful to relate these ideas firstly to Eichmann and the Nazi regime more generally as this will facilitate the move to contemporary society. Also take specific note of the questions it raises, such as: does thoughtlessness always lead to evil; can thinking keep us away from evil; can whole groups or societies become thoughtless (or thoughtful)?

 

We have seen that thoughtlessness can emerge in all types of societies and institutions. What are some of the conditions that encourage thoughtlessness – compliant cultures, group cohesion, organising narratives, etc? Try to imagine the sort of world/social practices that facilitated the rise of the Nazi regime. Do we see some of these practices in contemporary organisations, or manifested in some of the corporate scandals such as VW and ENRON? We might say it is easy to see in the military (the Nazi SS) but what about Google? Or it is easy to see in religious organisations but what about charities/voluntary organisations? In your answer we want to encourage you to think not just give the taken for granted answers.

The selected bibliography here offers numerous ideas for your essay:

 

READINGS

 

Arendt, H. (1971). Thinking and Moral Considerations: A Lecture. Social Research, 38, 417– 446.   [Key reading for this essay]

 

Arendt, Hannah, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, Penguin Classics (London: Penguin, 1963)

 

Arendt, H. (1981). The Life of the Mind. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

 

Aurand, T. W. et al. (2018). The VW Diesel Scandal: A Case of Corporate Commissioned Greenwashing. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 18.

 

Babiak, Paul, and Robert D. Hare, Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work (Harper Collins U.S., 2007).

 

Bouilloud, J.-P., Deslandes, G., & Mercier, G. (2019). The Leader as Chief Truth Officer: The Ethical Responsibility of “Managing the Truth” in Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 157, 1–13.

 

Clegg, S. (2009), “Bureaucracy, the Holocaust and Techniques of Power at Work”, Management Revue, Rainer Hampp Verlag, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 326–347.

 

Clegg, S.R., Pina e Cunha, M., Rego, A. and Dias, J. (2013), “Mundane Objects and the Banality of Evil: The Sociomateriality of a Death Camp”, Journal of Management Inquiry, SAGE Publications Inc, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 325–340.

 

Jennings, M. M. (2002). A Primer on Enron: Lessons from a Perfect Storm of Financial Reporting, Corporate Governance and Ethical Culture Failures. California Western Law Review, 39, 163–262.

 

Kerwin, A. (2012). Beyond the banality of evil: conscience, imagination and responsibility. Journal of Management Development, 31, 502–514

 

Nielsen, R.P. (1984), “Arendt’s Action Philosophy and the Manager as Eichmann, Richard III, Faust, or Institution Citizen”, California Management Review, SAGE Publications Inc, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 191–201.

 

O’Leary, M. (2015). Work identification and responsibility in moral breakdown. Business Ethics: A European Review, 24, 237–251.

 

Rhodes, C. (2016). Democratic Business Ethics: Volkswagen’s Emissions Scandal and the Disruption of Corporate Sovereignty. Organization Studies, 37, 1501–1518.

 

Sims, R. R., & Brinkmann, J. (2003). Enron ethics (or: culture matters more than codes).

Journal of Business Ethics, 45, 243–256.

 

Van Rooij, B., & Fine, A. (2018). Toxic Corporate Culture: Assessing Organizational Processes of Deviancy. Administrative Sciences, 8, 23.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

             Advice on examples/ illustrations

 

Illustrations (or examples – they are really the same thing) involve finding concrete instances in which the topic of your choice is manifest.  You have to find your own examples/illustrations!!!  Do not use the ones presented in the lecture material or key readings!  You are surrounded by thousands of examples of the phenomena discussed in this course, every day and everywhere – you can find your own examples very easily if you become sensitive to the way in which management culture and business permeates your own world.

 

Please note that the fundamental question is ‘how?’ – therefore it is a question of analysis first, and evaluation only second. The analysis of the examples requires an in-depth exploration of how a product, service, organization or industry operates, and why it unfolds in the way that it does (or did), through a conceptual or theoretical lens which you have selected from the module. Only secondarily should you evaluate the example (as good or bad, as positive or negative), and it is imperative that you explain your evaluation by examining the assumptions which ground your evaluation. When you have decided on your illustration/examples, ask yourselves: how are my chosen examples a way of showing how (the economy, value, business thinking, business practices, ecological effects, or ethical dimensions of business) operates as part of the cultural unfolding of management and business in the 21st Century?

 

How to analyse the example/illustration?

 

  1. Describe it properly – try to help the reader by explaining:

 

a.          The source of your example

 

Where did you find it? When was it published/made public? Who wrote it?  What sort of source is it: is it an advert, an academic, journalistic, corporate or other type of source (such as a blog), or is it from your own experience (such as a concrete situation that exists only because you were there and can explain it)?  Do not forget: these are very different things and most often they cannot be compared (an academic paper or book cannot be compared with a blog, an advert, a company manual, a management framework, or some corporate or consultancy literature, or a piece of TV – they have very, very different aims!). Therefore your explanation of where the source came from is directly related to how you will explain its articulation (production), purpose (its intended circulation) and, ultimately how you will go about your analysis.

 

b.         The articulation of your example – what is it?

 

What are the salient components of your example?  For example, if it is a product, what is its provenance, who are its originators, how is it distributed, how is it advertised or promoted, in what ways does its physical form attempt to invoke a response in potential buyers or consumers (or the images that are used to sell it), how are its locations curated to produce intended effects (what are these effects, for whom?) what communities engage with the product and what do they do to it or say about it?

 

c.          The articulation of your example – what has happened to it?

 

What has happened to your example over time? For example, if it is a raw material that is central to a particular way of organising industry, then what was its history? How did it become articulated as a resource or input into industrial organisation – who was involved in treating it in this manner, and what were the contests over the sourcing/extraction of this raw material? What are the effects of the extraction of the raw material, and who experiences these effects? How did the sourcing of the material change over time? How did the contests over the sourcing of the raw material evolve? What political, material and institutional infrastructures were formed around the raw material and the processes to which it was applied? How was the raw material, the products made from it, or the processes in which it was applied made obsolete or revaluated? What are the effects of the raw material, the products made from it, or the processes which treat it, and how and where does those effects manifest themselves? How is knowledge around the raw material and its effects generated and used? What knowledge contests are there around the raw material and its uses?

 

[NOTE: you do not need to be able to address all of these questions when describing your example. They are example questions only, and different questions will be relevant for different examples. The point is to use multiple sources (and to read these sources in an inquisitive and questioning manner) in order to develop a rounded, concise and revealing description of your examples.]

 

Then try to summarise the central claims or purpose of that illustration: how do you read it, see it, interpret it, and why? 

 

There are multiple different strategies for selecting your examples – they can be similar or different to each other, they can show different aspects of the same social processes, or show very different social processes or phenomena. They might highlight different interpretations.

 

  1. Analyse your examples in light of the concepts/ theories relevant to your chosen essay question.

 

After you have described your examples in this way, it will be much easier to offer an analytic commentary on your chosen topic – how does it help you construct your argument in connection to the essay topic? 

Expert answer

 

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

The concept of normalisation of wrongdoing is a complex one, particularly when it is assumed that some higher value is at stake when such an action is taken. This paper will analyse two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some assumingly higher value. Notably, the two case studies to be examined are the Vietnam War, and the events surrounding the Iraq War.

 

The Vietnam War - One of the most contentious wars in history, the Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 and involved the United States and other nations as well. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were justified in the name of a higher value, such as national security. For instance, the use of chemical weapons and napalm by the US military was justified in the name of preventing the spread of communism. In addition, the US military used torture and interrogation tactics that were deemed to be inhumane and immoral in the name of attempting to gain information and intelligence. While these actions were widely controversial, they were justified by the US military as necessary in order to protect national security in the face of a perceived communist threat.

 

The Iraq War - The Iraq War was a conflict that lasted from 2003 to 2011 and was fought between the US-led coalition forces and Iraq. During this war, numerous instances of normalisation of wrongdoing were also justified in the name of a higher value. For instance, the US military and its allies used tactics such as targeted assassinations, torture and indefinite detention in the name of preventing terrorism. These tactics were justified by the US military as essential in order to prevent further acts of terrorism and to protect the US and its allies from potential threats.

 

Analysis - In analysing the two case studies, it is evident that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the pursuit of some higher value. In both cases, the normalisation of wrongdoing was justified in the name of national security and in the name of preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism, can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

 

Conclusion - This paper has analysed two examples of normalisation of wrongdoing in order to gain a deeper understanding of how such an action is justified in pursuit of some higher value. It is clear that the normalisation of wrongdoing is often justified in the name of some higher value, such as national security or preventing terrorism. As such, it appears that the pursuit of a higher value can be used to justify the normalisation of wrongdoing when it is deemed to be necessary to achieve such goals.

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