Question: How did Mongol rule shape the history of the Middle East?

Expert answer

The Mongols were a nomadic people who lived in the steppes of Central Asia. In the 13th century, they conquered much of Eurasia, including China, Russia, and the Middle East. The Mongols were known for their military prowess and for their brutality. Under Mongol rule, the countries of the Middle East experienced a period of stability and prosperity. However, the Mongols also imposed their own customs and laws on the people of the region. This often led to conflict between the Mongols and the local population.

In 1258, the Mongols sacked Baghdad, killing hundreds of thousands of people. This event marked the end of Abbasid rule in the Middle East. The Mongols then divided up the region into several smaller states. These states were ruled by Mongol governors, or khans. Under Mongol rule, trade and commerce flourished in the Middle East. The Mongols also encouraged cultural exchange between the different peoples of the region.

However, Mongol rule was not always peaceful. In 1260, the Mamluks, a Muslim military caste, revolted against the Mongols and regained control of much of the Middle East. The Mamluks continued to rule the region until 1517, when they were defeated by the Ottoman Turks.

The Mongols left a lasting legacy on the history of the Middle East. Their period of rule was a time of great prosperity and cultural exchange. However, their brutal methods of conquest also left a lasting impression on the people of the region.