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Question: How did religion (beliefs, practices and/or institutions) shape the popular rebellions of the late 18th century that we’ve covered?

25 Oct 2022,9:18 PM

 

During the past several weeks we have discussed very different popular uprisings across the late 18th- and early 19th-century Americas. While these uprisings sustained large-scale mobilizations, contradictions existed between leaders and followers. To what extent and in what ways did the outlook and motivations of rebel leaders and popular insurgents diverge? Consider in particular the insurgencies in Saint-Domingue and ONE of the following: the Andes OR New Spain. How did this divergence affect the outcome of popular uprisings in each area?

 

 

How did religion (beliefs, practices and/or institutions) shape the popular rebellions of the late 18th century that we’ve covered? Use examples from our readings, lectures and discussions to discuss the course of the Haitian Revolution and ONE of the following: the Andean rebellions, OR the early nineteenth century rebellions in New Spain.

Expert answer

 

The late eighteenth century saw a number of popular rebellions against colonial rule. Religion played a significant role in shaping these rebellions, both in terms of the beliefs and practices of the rebels themselves, and in the way that colonial authorities responded to them.

 

The Haitian Revolution was perhaps the most prominent of these rebellions, and it was shaped by religious beliefs and practices from the very beginning. The rebel leader Toussaint Louverture was deeply influenced by his Catholic faith, and used religious language and imagery throughout the course of the rebellion. The Haitian Revolution also had a profound impact on religious life in the colony, as many whites fled during the course of the fighting, leaving behind a largely black and mulatto population. This led to the rise of new syncretic religions such as voodoo, which blended African and Catholic beliefs and practices.

 

The Andean rebellions were also shaped by religious beliefs and practices. The rebel leader Tupac Amaru was a devout Catholic, and his rebellion was inspired in part by his desire to defend the Church from the attacks of the secular state. Colonial authorities responded to the rebellion with a massive crackdown on religious life in the area, banning traditional Andean religious practices and forcing many indigenous people to convert to Christianity.

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