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Question: In Chapter 1 of Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith discusses three possible ideas of how science works: through empiricism, by using mathematical tools, or through its unique social structure. Explain each of these three ideas.

11 Oct 2022,7:15 PM

 

In Chapter 1 of Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith discusses three possible ideas of how science works: through empiricism, by using mathematical tools, or through its unique social structure. Explain each of these three ideas. Does one of them or some combination of them seem especially compelling for explaining how science works, and what makes it unique and/ or especially successful? Do any of them seem less compelling? Why?

Expert answer

 

Some people think that science works best when it is based on what we can observe and learn from the world around us. This is often called the empirical approach. Others think that math is the key to understanding how science works. This is because math can help us to see patterns and relationships that we might not be able to see just by looking at the world around us. Finally, some people think that science works best when it has a special social structure. This means that scientists work together in groups and share their ideas with each other. This can help to make sure that scientists are always learning from each other and making progress in their work.

 

Science works by using the scientific method to test hypotheses and gather data. The scientific method is a systematic way of investigating the natural world. Scientists use observations, experiments, and theoretical models to collect data and test hypotheses.

 

The scientific method is important because it helps scientists to avoid bias and make objective conclusions about the natural world. Science is successful because it is constantly self-correcting; new data and new theories can lead to the rejection of old ideas. The scientific method is also flexible; scientists can adapt their methods as new technologies become available.

 

Science works best when scientists are able to share their data and ideas with other scientists. This sharing allows for peer review, which helps to ensure that claims made by scientists are supported by evidence. Sharing also allows for the development of new theories and ideas, as scientists build on the work of others.

 

Science is a human endeavor, and as such, it is imperfect. Scientists are fallible beings, and they sometimes make mistakes. However, the scientific method is designed to self-correct, and over time, science does get closer to the truth.

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