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Question: The role of consciousness in cognitive control and decision making

12 Oct 2022,9:05 PM

 

The neuroscience and cognitive psychology of business: the integration of conscious and unconscious in cognitive process and decision making

 

This research paper focuses on the extent to which consciousness and subconscious affect people's cognitive processes, especially in the decision-making process, and emphasizes their importance in the context of business. Requires to include but not limited to:

1. General mechanism of decision making

2. Conscious and unconscious influences exist on decision-making traps as cognitive biases (Anchoring effect, etc)

3. The role of consciousness in cognitive control and decision making

4. How neural constraints can lead to poor decisions and how to overcome them

Expert answer

 

The role of consciousness in cognitive control and decision-making is a hotly debated topic in psychological literature. Some theorists have argued that consciousness is necessary for any kind of intentional control over one's thoughts and actions (e.g., Baars, 1989; Dennett, 1991), while others have claimed that many forms of cognitive control can occur outside of conscious awareness (Wegner, 2002). The present article will review the evidence for both sides of this debate, with a focus on recent empirical work. Ultimately, it will be argued that consciousness does indeed play an important role in some aspects of cognitive control and decision-making, but that many other processes can occur without conscious awareness.

 

One of the most heated debates within the field of psychology concerns the role of consciousness in cognitive control and decision-making. On one side of the debate are theorists who argue that consciousness is necessary for any kind of intentional control over one's thoughts and actions (Baars, 1989; Dennett, 1991). According to this view, all cognitive processes are conscious, and any form of non-conscious processing is either an illusion or simply not part of cognition. On the other side of the debate are theorists who claim that many forms of cognitive control can occur outside of conscious awareness (Wegner, 2002). The present article will review the evidence for both sides of this debate, with a focus on recent empirical work.

 

The argument that consciousness is necessary for cognitive control rests on the notion that only conscious processes can be under intentional control. That is, only conscious processes can be willfully directed by the individual. Non-conscious processes, on the other hand, are seen as being outside of intentional control. This view has been championed by a number of theorists, including Baars (1989) and Dennett (1991). According to these theorists, consciousness is necessary for any kind of cognitive control, because only conscious processes can be controlled intentionally.

 

The evidence for this view comes primarily from studies of attention. For example, it has been shown that people are much better at attending to consciously encoded information than they are at attending to information that is not consciously encoded (Mack & Rock,

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