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Question: What is the ultimatum game and how have experimenters used it to cast light on the role of fairness in human decision making?

06 Oct 2022,12:29 AM

 

Section A

 

1.     Discuss evidence that demonstrates the failure of normative theories of decision-making to provide adequate descriptions of how humans make decisions. 

2.     What is the ultimatum game and how have experimenters used it to cast light on the role of fairness in human decision making? 

3.     Critically evaluate research that indicates we use heuristics when making judgments and consider the advantages and disadvantages of their use.

 

Section B

4.     Critically analyse evidence that declarative and non-declarative memories are stored in different systems. 

5.     Outline the neural basis of Alzheimer’s disease and analyse evidence for how memory loss symptoms could be prevented or treated in these patients.

6.     To what extent do pre-existing schemas improve memory recall?

Expert answer

 

The ultimatum game is a game that is used to study human decision making. In the game, one player is given a sum of money and is asked to offer some of that money to another player. If the other player accepts the offer, both players keep the money. If the other player rejects the offer, both players lose the money. Experimenters have used the ultimatum game to study how people make decisions about fairness.

 

In one study, researchers found that people were more likely to reject an offer if they thought it was unfair. The researchers also found that people were more likely to accept an offer if they thought it was fair. These results suggest that people care about fairness and will make decisions accordingly.

 

The ultimatum game is just one of many games that scientists use to study human behavior. By understanding how people make decisions in these games, scientists can learn about human cognition and decision making more generally.

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